What does 'dialect' refer to in language studies?

• A. A universal standard language used by all
• B. A specific form of language unique to a region or social group
• C. A method of speech that disregards regional accents
• D. A technical language used in legal contexts

Answer: (B)

The concept of 'dialect' in language studies specifically refers to a distinct form of a language that is unique to a particular geographical region or social group. This includes variations in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that differentiate one group's speech from another. Dialects can encompass regional differences, such as accents and local expressions, but they also reflect cultural identities and social nuances within a community.

In contrast to the other choices, a universal standard language is more of a theoretical construct that aims to unify communication across different regions and does not reflect the diversity of dialects. Disregarding regional accents describes a method that seeks to standardize speech rather than celebrate its variation. Lastly, a technical legal language pertains to specialized terminology and jargon used in legal contexts, which does not capture the broader social and regional identity aspects that influence dialects. Therefore, the correct definition emphasizes the uniqueness and distinctiveness of dialects as related to specific communities.