Which of the following describes a Shakespearean sonnet?

• A. A 12-line poem with a single rhyme scheme
• B. A 14-line poem with three quatrains and a couplet
• C. A free verse poem with varying line lengths
• D. A 10-line poem focused on a single theme

Answer: (B)

A Shakespearean sonnet is characterized by its structure of 14 lines, which are divided into three quatrains followed by a final couplet. The rhyme scheme typically follows the pattern ABABCDCDEFEFGG. Each quatrain presents a related but distinct idea or image, progressing towards a resolution or conclusion in the final couplet. This structure allows for a deep exploration of themes, often related to love, time, and beauty, effectively contrasting the different ideas presented in the quatrains with the resolution found in the couplet.

The other options do not accurately represent the characteristics of a Shakespearean sonnet: a 12-line poem would not conform to traditional sonnet forms, free verse does not adhere to any specific rhyme scheme or structure, and a 10-line poem would be too short for this specific genre. Thus, the defining features of a Shakespearean sonnet are encapsulated well in the choice that identifies it as a 14-line poem with three quatrains and a couplet.