Which of the following is NOT considered a formative assessment?

• A. Diagnostic testing
• B. Standardized testing
• C. Informal classroom observations
• D. Quizzes during the learning process

Answer: (B)

Standardized testing is considered a summative assessment rather than a formative one. Summative assessments are typically administered at the end of a unit, term, or course to evaluate student learning and to measure the overall effectiveness of an instructional program. They provide a snapshot of what students have learned at a specific point in time.

In contrast, formative assessments are ongoing processes that help teachers gauge student understanding during the learning process, allowing for adjustments to instruction as needed. Diagnostic testing is often used to identify students' learning needs prior to instruction, which is a form of formative assessment. Informal classroom observations and quizzes that occur during the learning process also serve to inform instruction and provide immediate feedback on student comprehension. Therefore, standardized testing stands apart from these practices, as it does not support real-time instructional adjustments.